Anaphylaxis: Awareness, timely intervention key to avoiding fatality

Mangaluru: The death of a young lecturer at a private college here from anaphylaxis has left many people in shock. Healthcare professionals assert that medical attention during the critical first hour could have prevented such a tragic outcome.

Medical experts stress awareness and swift medical response are essential in addressing symptoms from worsening into cardiac complications or even brain death.

Additionally, they advise that people diagnosed with anaphylaxis should carry a medical information card in their bag or wallet to ensure proper medical assistance in times of need. They should also keep their colleagues and family members informed about their condition.

Dr Vijay Sundarsingh S, associate professor and intensivist at Fr Mullers Medical College here, who provided treatment to the young lecturer, explained that anaphylaxis is a dangerous, potentially fatal allergic response that manifests rapidly, occurring between a few seconds to minutes after encountering an allergen.

He noted that typical triggers comprise specific food items (such as peanuts or shellfish), certain medicines, insect bites, or latex exposure.

He explained that the manifestations typically affect various bodily systems, including skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems.

Skin manifestations present as hives, itching, or swelling. Respiratory issues manifest as breathing difficulties, wheezing, or constriction of the throat. Cardiovascular indicators include an accelerated or feeble pulse rate or a sudden reduction in blood pressure. Synptoms with the digestive system comprise nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort.

Immediate administration of intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first line of treatment, experts said. This helps reverse the life-threatening condition. Getting in touch with emergency services is a must as it can help ensure immediate medical attention in the form of oxygen supply or intravenous fluids.

Asked whether anaphylaxis can be prevented, Dr Vijay said: "Recognise and avoid triggers if you have known sensitivities. Always carry an epinephrine auto-injector and inform close contacts about your condition."

He further said: "In the case of the young lecturer, she was not carrying an epinephrine with her, though she was aware of her condition."

Dr Udaya Sureshkumar, consultant, respiratory medicine and pulmonology, KMC Hospital, Mangaluru, said: "Due to peer pressure, at times we end up consuming food that we are not supposed to. So, it is better to inform others about one's health condition or carry a detailed medical record that can come in handy during emergencies."